第一部分 考研真题精选
一、填空题
1. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on itsgrammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____. [中山大学研]
【答案】inflection查看答案
【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。
2. ______ is the name for oppositenessrelation. [北二外研]
【答案】Antonymy查看答案
【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。
3. Phonetics is the study of ______ sounds that the human voice is capableof creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds thatconstitute language and meaning. [北京邮电大学研]
【答案】speech查看答案
【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
4. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that theformer is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latteris concerned with _____ of words. [中山大学研]
【答案】combinations查看答案
【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. Itstudies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes.Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents arecombined to form sentences in a language, or the study of theinterrelationships between elements in sentence structure.
5. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capableof creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds thatconstitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the secondfocuses on order. [北京邮电大学研]
【答案】Phonetics查看答案
【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
6. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of_____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds. [中山大学研]
【答案】symbols查看答案
【解析】Language is asystem of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
7. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. Theorder of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language,for instance, generally follows a ______ order, as in the sentence “The dog(subject) bit (verb) the man (object).” [北京邮电大学研]
【答案】SVO查看答案
【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。英语句子的基本语序是主谓宾结构。
8. In terms of themeaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______ words and ______words. [南开大学研]
【答案】lexical, grammatical查看答案
【解析】从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。
9. A _____ typically contains a consonant or set of consonantsfollowed by a vowel followed by another consonant or set of consonants. [中山大学研]
【答案】syllable查看答案
【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。音节必须有一个“节核”或者“韵峰”，通常由元音来承担，但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起节核的作用，通常在节核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。
10. The ______ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unitwhich cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether lexical or grammatical. [北二外研]
【答案】morpheme查看答案
【解析】本题考查词素的含义。词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。意思或语法功能的最小单位。
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