06422英语语言学—新编简明英语语言学教程, 戴炜栋
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction (1)
Chapter 2 Phonology (5)
Chapter 3 Morphology (8)
Chapter 4 Syntax (9)
Chapter 5 Semantics (12)
Chapter 6 Pragmatics (16)
Chapter 7 Historical linguistics (19)
Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics (24)
Chapter 9 Psycholinguistics (29)
Chapter 10 Language Acquisition (32)
Chapter 1 Introduction
一、定义
1.语言学Linguistics
Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
2.普通语言学General Linguistics
The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.
3.语言language
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design Features
It refers to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
1. Arbitrariness任意性
2. Productivity多产性
3. Duality双重性
4. Displacement移位性
5. Cultural transmission文化传递
⑴arbitrariness
There is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions
⑵Productivity
Animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send.
⑶Duality
Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels.
⑷Displacement
Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
