当膝关节严重退变或损伤，产生疼痛和功能障碍，保守治疗无效，医生可能会推荐进行全膝关节置换术，以缓解疼痛，改善功能。
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Total Knee Replacement
全膝关节置换术
Your knee joint is made up of the low end of the femur, which changes on the upper end of the tibia and patella, or knee cap, which slides on the groove form by the femoral condyles.
我们的膝关节由股骨的下端、胫骨的上端和髌骨构成。髌骨又称膝盖，在由股骨髁构成的槽里滑动。
Total knee replacement surgery is a procedure which a painful or poorly function knee is replaced with artificial components.
全膝置换术是用人工组件替换疼痛和功能障碍的膝关节的一种手术。
If your physician has recommended a total knee replacement, it is probably because your knee is severely damaged by arthritis or injury.
如果医生建议进行全膝置换术，往往是因为膝关节因关节炎或损伤严重破坏。
Your surgeon will begin by making an incision along the front edge of your knee. After seperating the muscles and ligaments around your knee, your surgeon will incise the knee capsule to gain access to the inside of the joint.
术者首先沿膝关节前缘作一切口。分开膝关周围的肌肉和韧带后，术者会切开膝关节囊，以获得进入关节的入路。
Using specialized tools, your surgeon will remove the damaged bone and cartilage on the ends of the femur and tibia, and at most cases, remove the under side of the patella.
术者用特殊的工具，去除受损的胫骨、胫骨骨端（在某些病例，还包括髌骨后面）的骨与软骨。
Your surgeon will then prepare the remaining bone to receive your new prosthetic knee. This generally consists a femoral, a tibial and a patellar component.
接下去，术者准备保留的骨头以接纳新的膝关节假体，包括股骨、胫骨和髌骨组件。
Once the ends of bones are prepared, your surgeon will cement the new prosthesis into position.
一旦骨端准备完毕，术者会用骨水泥将新的假体固定到位。
Before your incision is closed, an X-ray will be taken to ensure the new components of your knee are positioned correctly.
在切口关闭前，术者会用X线来确定膝关节新的组件位置正确。
Your surgeon will close the incision with stitches or staples, and temporarily leave a drain in place to remove excess fluid.
最后术者用缝线或皮钉关闭切口，可能会放置临时的引流装置以引流过多的液体。
（胡佰文 听译）
