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初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

时间:2024-07-11 01:55:31

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初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet andgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I puton the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near thetrain station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) wesaw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with myEnglish is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) LiMing is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意:

(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we livedlast year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom youborrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you arelooking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is veryfar away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passedthe exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many,everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want tobuy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons andsome pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk thatbelongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:

a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he isoften late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

练习题

I.单项填空

1. -Do you know the man ______istalking with your father?

-Yes, he‘s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C.which D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I canswim?

A. which B. inwhich C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in thecity _____I know.

A. where B. which C.that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary______the other day?

A. that you bought B. youbought it

C. that you bought it D. which youbought it

5. Anyone ______with what I saidmay put up you hands.

A. which agrees B. whoagree

C. who agrees D. whichagree

6. My watch is not the only thing______ is missing.

A. that B.it C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black iswaiting at the gate

A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading underthe tree _____my sister.

A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D.who; was

9. I love places ______the peopleare really friendly.

A. that B.which C. where D. who

10. The world ______ is made up ofmatter.

A. in that we live B.on which we live

C. where we live in D.we live in

Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you mustdo is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____iscalled April Fool‘s Dayin the west.

3. The family _____had losteverything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in isvery old.

5. Didn‘t you see the man ______I talkedwith just now?

参考答案:

I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD

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