语法专题十二定语从句 (一)
ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. she is the girl who sings best of all.
the pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
he lives in a house whose windows face south.
the factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
ⅱ. 关系代词
1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. he is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
the boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
the man ( ) you met yesterday is mr. smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . the train （ ） has just left is for guangzhou.
children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. the book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
the pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. he is the professor ( ) name was jackson.
china, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
ⅲ. 关系副词
1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. i can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
i’ll never forget the day ( ) i joined the army.
2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. this is the village （ ） uncle wang once lived.
they have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
