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英式英语和美式英语的区别

时间:2020-08-29 23:51:37

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英式英语和美式英语的区别

标准现代英式英语(简称英语)和标准美式英语(简称美语)的区别说大不大,说小也不小,但是两者互相理解没有任何实质性的问题。此文的目的是对两者的区别进行一个大概的比较,给有兴趣的朋友一个参考,但并不能作为学习另一种口音的教材。其中也漏洞百出,若有不尽之处,还请高人指正补充。

元音:

英语和美语的发音最大的区别之一在它们对浑元音(schwa,音标中的倒写e,)的处理。英语中,浑元音在单元音中常通发生在一些非重读的短音a(如about)和短音er(如computer)上。美语中的er很少为浑元音,并有时对短音i(如sentimental,actuality)和u(如wuss),甚至短音的oo(如:hooker)采用了浑元音。(这四个例子在英语中的发音分别为[i], [i], [u:], [u])浑元音的读音是不定的,但是听起来差不多像一个急促的介于“俄”和“啊”的发音。

英语和美语的发音最具代表性的区别是对er的发音的不同。英语中,短音的er是如上所述的浑元音,但长音的er也不过是个拉长了的浑元音,听起来是一个很夸张的介于“俄”和“啊”的声音。而美语中,er听起来怎么都是个“儿”音(例外是一些俗语中发成浑元音)。

ar:除了轻读短音(如singular)和者后连元音(如clarity),英语的ar全部清一色的长音[a:],而美语中,是“阿尔”。事实上,凡是有r在一个音节尾部的时候,美英发音通常都是不一样的,如tour(英:吐啊,美:吐儿),tear(英:踢啊,美:踢儿),pair(英:pe啊,美:pe儿)。甚至在刚才提到的clarity中,英语[kleriti],美语[kle儿r(er)ti]

元音的发音中还有一个比较重要的区别。一是[o]音:短音的o(如often),英语中发音仅仅为一个缩短了的长音o(如or),而美式的短音o听起来和英语的短音[/\]很像,同时长音o后面如果有r都通常像上一段里说的那样儿化了,没有的话(如plausible, applause)就自动变成了一个短音的o的发音。

另外对u,i和其他元音组合的浑元音化,前面提到了一些,其他就靠大家自己体会了。

辅音:

英语的辅音和美语的辅音是基本一样的,但在使用习惯上有些差别。比较重要的也只有以下两个:

r:字母r简直是代表了英美两国的所有差别,到处都是它。在做辅音时,其实差别也就是当r在第一个词的词尾,而第二个词以元音开头,英语把r完全当作元音处理,而美语会把r连读当作后面一个词的开头元音的辅音,如词组clear animosity,英语会读成clear|animosity,而美语会读成clear-ranimosity。

另一个比较明显的区别是d和t。在一部分非重读音节中(如paddle,rattle, actuality),英语会清楚地发音这两个字母,但在美语中d和t常常会被模糊成一个很难解释的音,跟其它的语言比较,如果你知道西班牙语或者意大利语,它跟短弹音r很接近;如果你懂日语,那么らりるれろ行的辅音很像。如果你都不知道,那么最接近的解释就是边音l了,但是差了那么一节,就看你自己体会了。

还有一点,history, factory这些词,大家可能都发现o的发音(是一个浑元音)在很多音标标注中都是打了括号的。在英国,英语受文言文的影响喜欢省略这个o,而在美国,这个o常常是发了音的。(如果大家对文言文或者诗歌感兴趣,会发现很多浑元音的字母是用一个单引号表示的,表示省略)

拼写:

英语和美语的拼写无非有以下几种区别:

-re和-er:部分以re结尾的词在美语中以er结尾,如:

metre/meter, centimetre/centimeter, theatre/theater, centre/center等等

背景:这些词全部都是从法语中来的(分别是:mètre, centimètre, théa^tre, centre)。其它大部分的re词都是,如genre, hors-doeuvre等,不过这些的拼写都没有变化了。

our和or:英语部分our在美语中的拼写为or,如:

colour/color, favourite/favorite等等。

背景:这些词大部分也都是从法语中来的,不过没那么明显,很多都因为时间原因变化了。如colour是couleur,favorite是favorit。

-ise和ize:英语中的-ise动词在美语中拼写为-ize,如:

organise/organize, actualise/actualize, realise/realize

这些词的衍生也因此而异:

organisation/organization

背景:这些词还是从法语中来的,分别为organiser, actualiser, réaliser(但因为语言的演变,法文里这些词现在的意思和英文里这些词现在的意思不完全一样了,如actualise现在的意思是“实现”,而actualiser是“升级,使不过时”;realise现在的意思是“意识到”,而réaliser就变成了“实现”)。

其他还有些特殊变法。我一时间想不起来所有的常规变法,如果有遗漏,欢迎补充。

用词:

英语和美语中有些同样的词语的常用意思是不同的,或者同样的东西用不同的词语来说,而且绝大部分这种词语是和文化风俗有关的,但并不对交流产生实质性影响。如jumper一词在英国可指毛衣,而美国人很少用这个词当衣服讲(是个过时的词),而用sweater来做毛衣。另外有如jersey, slacks, trousers等等。有很多例子,一时想不起来,大家欢迎补充。

俗语和俚语:

这些实在是太多了!就算在美国的不同地方,英国的不同地方,不同的时间,都是不一样的,我就不一一举例了。不过可提的一词是英国人对bloody这个词的用法。旧时,当f-ck一词是完全不可用的时候(以前书籍中印刷这个词需要用星号f***,否则是要治罪的),bloody一词的猥亵性不亚于现在的f词。不过现在时过境迁,英国的小孩儿都能用了,而美国人就不用这个词了。但在其他的一些英语国家(如埃及,印度等),用bloody还是要小心的。

语气:

英国人的语气抑扬顿挫,语调高亢,和法语颇有几分类似(不过他们是不会承认的),并且英国人嘲笑美国人说话有气无力,松散无韵律。

美国人说话相对比较稳重低沉,句势通常呈降调,并且速度慢一些。美国人则爱嘲笑英国人的语气的轻微的歇斯底里,女里女气的说法。

其他:

澳洲口音:澳洲口音和英国口音大部分很像,不过澳洲人发[ei]音全部发成[ai],也就是,即使他们最常用的词儿mate,都说成[mait](像might)。

埃及口音:埃及口音的英语听起来和埃及口音的阿拉伯语很像。另外,用弹音发r也被使用。

印度口音:印度口音和英国口音比较相似,带了些泥巴味儿,不过现在的印度人开始倾慕美国口音了(印度人特崇洋媚外,排的**全是关于在发达国家的富裕美丽年轻的印度移民)。

香港口音:没有对香港同胞污蔑的意思,不过香港口音听起来和粤语差不多,发音非常的重,同时带了英国口音的味道。很多人发不出th音,说不出three就说free.

南非口音:没听过。

英国乡土音:英国自己的口音都众多,不过共同的特征是h常常不发,并且连音特多。

美国北方口音:以夸张的o音出名,如talk, walk, off, coffee这四个词,纽约市人会发成:twok, wok, woff, kwoffee(这里的o均为长音“喔”)。

美国南方口音:以把[ai]发成[ae]为最大特称,如Id like a light beer,南方人会说成aed laek a laet beer。同时说话慢条斯理。

英式英语和美式英语有其显注不同之处,以发音方面来看,以卷舌音为例,无论是英式英语还是美式英语,当出现在母音之前时,讲话者都会发出sound,但是如果出现在一个母音后面时,英国人一般就不发sound了,但是讲美式英语的人就会发很清楚的卷舌音。 拼音方面: 英式英语的拼法和美式英语的拼法略有些差异.

"爱好”的英文有很多种,以下是“爱好“的英文。

1、hobby;?业余爱好;嗜好。

(1)名词;复数为:hobbies.

2、interest;兴趣;感兴趣的事。

(1)名词;复数为:interests.

(2)? 动词;使感兴趣; 使参与,使加入; 引起…的意愿; 使产生关系。

3、 be fond of;对什么感兴趣;爱好某事。

(1)动词词组;疼; 喜爱,爱好; 待见。

4、?have an appetite for;对什么有兴趣。

(1)动词词组;爱好

以下是一些”爱好“的例句。

1、My?hobbies?are?letter?writing,?football,?music,?photography,?and?tennis.?

我的业余爱好是写信、踢足球、听音乐、玩摄影和打网球。?

2、Encourage?your?child?in?her?interests?and?hobbies .

要鼓励孩子的兴趣爱好。

3、From?mudanjiang,?to?be?fond?of?flute,?like?to?dance?and?paint.?

来自牡丹江,爱好长笛演奏,喜欢舞蹈和绘画。

4、I?see?you?have?an?appetite?for?destruction.?

我发现你对毁灭很感兴趣。

关于爱好的英语作文

I like doing sports and reading in my free time. My favorite sport is basketball. I often play basketball with my clas *** ates after school and play with my friends on weekends. I like playing basketball because it can make me strong and health. When I play basketball, I fet all my worries and I can make lots of friends who have the same interest. In the evening when I finish doing my homework, I like reading because I can get lots of knowledge from books and the books can tell me more about China and the world. Books are our best friends and they can open our eyes,too. I like all kinds of books, story book, novels and so on....

急求一篇关于自己兴趣爱好的英语作文,200词左右。

I like reading books when I have time. I think its a good way to relax and spend my free time. When I was a kid, my mother often read books for me before I went to bed. From then on I was interested in reading books. "Books are mans best friends." Books give us knowledge.Through reading, we can understand more kinds of people, how do they think. When I read, I always lose myself in the book and fet all my worries. I like reading all kinds of books, story-books, novels and so on. My farourite book is "Harry Porter".当我有时间时,我喜欢读书。

我认为读书时很好的放松和度过业余时间的好方法。

当我还是个孩子时,我母亲在我睡觉前经常给我读。

从那时起我就对读书感兴趣。

“书是人类最好的朋友”,书给我们知识,通过读书,我们可以明白各种各样的人及他们如何的想法。

当我读书时,我总沉浸在书中,忘记了我的烦恼。

我喜欢读各种各样的书,故事书,小说等等。

我最喜欢的书是《哈利波特》。

关于兴趣爱好的英语作文,要两篇,100词左右,谢谢各位了~!

My HobbyI am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my study, I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano, surfing the Inter.One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many years, since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time, but also, more important, help improve my prehension ability. When reading, I can learn a lot. Reading Shakespears works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I e back to the old time of China.Reading really affect my life.My Hobbies Diffrent people have diffrent hobbies I have a lot of hobbies like reading books, watching movies and so on. I like reading books because I get lots of know ledge I find more interesting things so I like reading diffrent kinds of books I also like watching movies I enjoy my leisure time so I usually watch movies in my free time its makes me happy. I think watching movies and reading books are most interesting than any hobbies I love life.myhobbies make life colourful.I like chinese book.

关于爱好的英语作文

I like doing sports and reading in my free time. My favorite sport is basketball. I often play basketball with my clas *** ates after school and play with my friends on weekends. I like playing basketball because it can make me strong and health. When I play basketball, I fet all my worries and I can make lots of friends who have the same interest. In the evening when I finish doing my homework, I like reading because I can get lots of knowledge from books and the books can tell me more about China and the world. Books are our best friends and they can open our eyes,too. I like all kinds of books, story book, novels and so on.

关于爱好的英语作文带翻译

My HobbyI have many hobbies.In my spare time,I like listening to some pop music,especially the music played by some pop bands.It can make me relax and let me fet my unhappy moment.If Im in good mood,I always read some history books,which I think is benefical to my study .Besides,surfing the Inter is another means of entertainment of mine.Through the Inter I can get some useful information and chat with my friends as well.The Inter has shortened our distance.我的爱好我有很多爱好.在我的业余时间,我喜欢听一些流行音乐,特别是一些流行乐队的音乐.它可以让我放松,让我忘记不开心的时刻.如果我心情好,我总是读一些历史书籍,我认为这是有利于我的研究.此外,上网是另一个我的娱乐方式.通过互联网我可以得到一些有用的信息和与我的朋友聊天.互联网已经缩短了我们的距离....

初一有关兴趣爱好的英语作文(50词)简单的

I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and watching TV. But reading is my favorite hobby.我有许多爱好,譬如:读书、滑冰、看电视,读书是我最喜欢的。

I like reading for three reasons.First of all, books introduce me to a new world, which is colorful and without time and space limit.Through reading, I can trace back to ancient Egypt, the cradle of human civilization.It can bring myself to the United states, a glamorous land I have been longing to visit.我喜爱读书有三个原因:首先,书籍带我进入一个新世界,这个世界五颜六色没有时空限制。

通过读书,我可以追溯到占代埃及——这个人类文明的摇篮。

书能把我带到美国,那个我一直想去游览的充满魅力的地方。

Secondly, reading can better myself by showing me a new horizon.In the past years, most of my knowledge has been obtained from books.I have learned from many people by reading about their ideas on science, politics, life and society.其次,读书能够在我面前展现新的空间,使我完美。

在过去的几年中,我的大多数知识都是通过书本获得的。

通过阅读,我向许多人学习了他们在科学、政治、生活和社会等方面的思想。

Finally, reading bridges the gap beeen my dream and my goal.In order to succeed in my career in the future, I must keep reading, my favorite hobby.再次,读书在我的梦想和目标之间架起厂一座桥梁。

为了在将来的工作生涯中获得成功,我要坚持读书、思维和实践。

——来自{yh3057}英语牛人团

给我一篇关于爱好的英语作文

My Hobbies Diffrent people have diffrent hobbies I have a lot of hobbies like reading books, watching movies and so on. I like reading books because I get lots of know ledge I find more interesting things so I like reading diffrent kinds of books I also like watching movies I enjoy my leisure time so I usually watch movies in my free time its makes me happy. I think watching movies and reading books are most interesting than any hobbies I love life.myhobbies make life colourful.I like chinese book.

写一篇关于兴趣爱好的英语作文

Badmintom is a popular hobby in China. It is also my hobby. Since I was child,I have like badmintom. At my childhood ,I watch the badmintom copetition on TV,the petition was excing.I first try badmintom in primary school,I didn like it because i often missed . I did realise how important it was to catch badmintom and a ccurate play. I know I wasn playing attention while our teccher was demonstrating how to do it. That time my skill was very bad. I didn like it.Now,I am in Secondary school. When I was at F.2 last year. My clas *** ates called me with them to join the badmintom club. they play with the unusual skills,I saw so many tricks there for I like badmintom again.I thought it was cool strick,I asked them if they knew how to play and catch the badmintom. They did.And now ,they teach me many new tricks,their skill is very good! I usually play it ice a week.I like badmintom very much. Playing badmintom is fun and good for our health . I hope other student to play.

关于我的兴趣爱好的英语短文50词带翻译

I have lots of hobbies and interests. I like playing sports, especially badminton. I will play badminton with my friends every Sunday. It strengthens my body and is good for my health. I am interested in collecting stamps, because from collecting them, I learn more about the world.我有很多的兴趣和爱好。

我喜欢做运动,尤其是羽毛球。

每个星期天,我都会跟我的朋友一起打羽毛球。

这令我的身体更加强壮而且很健康。

我对集邮很感兴趣因为从中,我对这个世界加深了认识。

我自己做的!!采纳我哟~~;D...

Different people have different hobbies. For example,someone likes reading, someone likes swimming and someone likes collecting and so on.I used to read books because by reading books I could learn many funny things. But now I don like it just because I need a change.Traveling is my favorite hobby now. By traveling I can visit many different places of interest and learn a lot about people, places and history.Its very interesting.I love traveling.I have great fun in traveling.What is your hobby?Lets share together!

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