系统

uname -a# 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本cat /proc/cpuinfo# 查看CPU信息hostname# 查看计算机名lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI设备lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB设备lsmod # 列出加载的内核模块env# 查看环境变量

资源

free -m# 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量df -h # 查看各分区使用情况du -sh <目录名> # 查看指定目录的大小grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看内存总量grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存量uptime # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载cat /proc/loadavg# 查看系统负载

磁盘和分区

mount | column -t# 查看挂接的分区状态fdisk -l# 查看所有分区swapon -s # 查看所有交换分区hdparm -i /dev/hda# 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

网络

ifconfig# 查看所有网络接口的属性iptables -L # 查看防火墙设置route -n# 查看路由表netstat -lntp# 查看所有监听端口netstat -antp# 查看所有已经建立的连接netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息

进程

ps -ef # 查看所有进程top# 实时显示进程状态

用户

w # 查看活动用户id <用户名> # 查看指定用户信息last # 查看用户登录日志cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务

服务

chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

rpm -qa# 查看所有安装的软件包

查看网卡型号

lspci | grep Ethernet

00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection

查看硬盘信息（查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号）：

df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% //dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr/dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var/dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot

hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ, FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=S2B5J90ZC12060Config={ Fixed }RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabledDrive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7* signifies the current active mode

dmesg | grep ATA

ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177

查看主板型号：

dmidecode | more

# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at 0x000E84B0.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS InformationVendor: Intel Corp.Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019..0625.1334Release Date: 06/25/.....System Information服务器品牌Manufacturer: Product Name: （没有信息表示非品牌或未识别）Version: Serial Number: UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8Wake-up Type: Power SwitchSKU Number: Not SpecifiedFamily: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information主板型号/主板信息Manufacturer: Intel CorporationProduct Name: DG43GTVersion: AAE62768-300Serial Number: BTGT9340022NProcessor InformationCPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频Socket Designation: PROCESSORType: Central ProcessorFamily: Pentium DManufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BFSignature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPUE6500 @ 2.93GHz Voltage: 1.2 VExternal Clock: 266 MHzMax Speed: 4000 MHzCurrent Speed: 2931 MHzStatus: Populated, EnabledUpgrade: Socket LGA775Cache Information硬件和CPU缓存情况Socket Designation: L1-CacheConfiguration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1Operational Mode: Write BackLocation: InternalInstalled Size: 32 kBMaximum Size: 32 kBBIOS Language InformationBIOS语言Installable Languages: 1en|US|iso8859-1Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1Physical Memory Array主板最大支持内存Location: System Board Or MotherboardUse: System MemoryError Correction Type: NoneMaximum Capacity: 16 GBError Information Handle: Not ProvidedNumber Of Devices: 4Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytesMemory Array Mapped Address目前的内存Starting Address: 0x00000000000Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFFRange Size: 4 GBPhysical Array Handle: 0x002BPartition Width: 0On Board Device Information显卡型号Type: VideoStatus: EnabledDescription: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device