So, Im making this video for Mariano Garcia who subscribes to this YouTube channel and follows my weekly videos at englishpronunciationroadmap. com. And he posted a comment on one of my videos a couple of weeks ago on intonation and said, you know, great video, but which word in a sentence do I stress? .
我正在为马里亚诺·加西亚制作这个视频，他订阅了这个 YouTube 频道并且关注我在 上的每周视频。几个星期前，他在我的一个关于语调的视频上发了一条评论，“视频很棒，但是我应该在一个句子里重读哪个词？”
He understands that content words versus structural words like grammatical words are more important and to stress so: verbs and nouns and adjectives. But in a typical sentence, is there anything I can do to help me know which word i should be putting most of the emphasis on?
他明白，实义词与结构词（如语法词）相比更重要，所以要强调：动词、名词和形容词。但是在一个典型的句子中，我能做些什么来帮助我知道我应该把重点放在哪个词上吗？
And you know, Im sure some of you that are watching this video now are sort of asking yourself the same question. You know, all of these rules about how to stress a syllable and how to stress a word which are quite useful, but when I got a sentence or a question or a comment or statement or exclamation which word in that sentence or that phrase should I stress?
我相信现在正在看这个视频的一些人正在问自己同样的问题。所有这些关于如何重读音节以及如何重读单词的规则都是非常有用的，但是当我遇到一个句子，一个问题，一个评论，一个陈述，或者是感叹句的时候我应该重读这个句子或者这个短语中的哪个单词呢？
And there are scores and scores of ideas about this and how you should do it in English and in British English. Um, I guess a really simple and straightforward way of thinking about it would be to ask which word in your phrase or in your sentence carries the most important bit of information.
关于这一点和关于在英语和英式英语中如何重读，有很多种方法。我想一个非常简单直接的方法是，你要问自己，这个短语或句子中哪个词包含了最重要的信息。
And of course, that can change depending on the circumstances in which are talking, depending on the person you e talking to, depending on the content of your conversation. So, its a very flexible thing and I guess, requires you to be really specific about what you want the listener to take away: whats the most important piece of information.
当然，这也会随着谈话环境的不同而变化，也会随着谈话对象的不同而变化，也会随着谈话内容的不同而变化。所以，这是一个非常灵活的事情，我猜，需要你非常具体地告诉听众你想让他们了解什么：什么是最重要的信息。
And so, if you have a look at this question: "did you know that she crashed the car?" just listen to the way in which the meaning of this sentence changes when I stress a different word in the question. So, have a listen to this: "DID you know that she crashed the car?" questions whether the other person knew about the event at all.
看一下这个问题：你知道她撞车了吗？听一听当我改变这个问题中重读单词，这个问题的意思是怎样变化的：来听一听吧：“你知道她撞车了【吗】？”质疑对方是否知道这件事。
"Did YOU know that she crashed the car?" questions in a sort of accusatory way as to whether the other person knew. "Did you KNOW that she crashed the car?" questions whether the other person knew for certain.
“【你】知道她撞车了吗？”以一种指责的方式询问对方是否知道。“你【知道】她撞车了吗？”质疑对方是否确实知道。
"Did you know that SHE crashed the car?" questions whether the other person is sure of who is responsible. "Did you know that she CRASHED the cars?" questions whether the other person knew the state of the car.
“你知道【她】撞车了吗？”质疑对方是否确定谁是责任人。“你知道她【撞】车了吗？”质疑对方是否知道车的状况。
"Did you know that she crashed THE car?" questions whether the listener knows that its the best one. "Did you know that she crashed the CAR?" questions whether the other person knew that it was the car that she crashed as opposed to something else.
“你知道她撞【那辆】车了吗？”问听众是否知道这是最好的一辆。“你知道她撞【车】了吗？”质疑对方是否知道她撞车的是那辆车，而不是别的什么东西。
Another way to think about word stress in sentences is to think about tone units. Take a look at this sentence.
第二种理解句子中单词重音的方法是理解一种叫做声调单位的东西。看看这个句子。
You can see how the sentence is broken up into units with forward slashes. Its broken up into these little tone units or what I tend to refer to as phrases.
你可以看到这个句子是如何用斜线分割成单元的。它被分解成一些小的音调单位，或者我通常所说的短语。
And the main stressed word in each of those tone units or those phrases is often called the tonic syllable. And the word stress rule is that in a typical sentence it tends to be that the tonic syllable/the main stressed word in that unit tends to be the last content word in that sentence.
每个声调单位或词组中的主要重读词通常被称为主音音节。单词重音规则是，在一个音调单位中，在那个短语中，主音音节/那个短语中主要重读的词往往是最后一个实义词。
And it certainly holds true in this little example, so have a listen to this: I was WONDERING/ whether you might be INTERESTED/in coming to a PLAY that Im going to.
在这个例子里是这样的，我们来听一下：“我【想知道】/你是否有【兴趣】/来看我要去看的一出【戏】。
/Its at the ROYALl/ this coming FRIDAY. /Its about a GUY/ who loses EVERYTHING/ and DISCOVERS himself.
/这个【星期五】/在【皇家剧院】。/它是关于一个失去【一切】/的【男人】/【发现】自己的故事。
/Its got really great REVIEWS/ and I THOUGHT/ that we could go to that Italian PIZZA place/ close to the TUBE station. /Their DOUGH-balls/ are AMAZING!
/它的【评价】非常好/，我【想】/我们可以去【地铁】站附近的/意大利【披萨店】。他们的【面包球】/【棒极了】！”
So, you can hear how its the last content word in those phrases that tends to get the main stress or we would say that thats the main stressed word in that tone unit or in that phrase. And that might be another way of thinking about which word should I stress in my sentences.
所以，你可以听到，最后一个实词，在音调单位里，或者在那个短语里，它是如何在句子里重读的。所以，这可能是思考英语句子重音的另一种方式。
And just two extra things to think about that might be useful is to know that new information in a conversation is always worth stressing, so, for instance: "Have you read the new Dot Hutchison book? No, but have you read the new Matthew Norman book?".
另外还有两件事需要考虑，这可能是有用的，那就是要知道对话中的新信息总是值得强调的，比如：“你读过【多特·哈奇森】的新书吗？没有，那你读过【马修·诺曼】的新书吗？”
So, the new piece of information and in that example it was the new author that gets the stress in the sentence because its the new piece of information. And the same thing goes for contrasting information in an exchange.
例子当中的新信息是新作者的名字，所以它们在句子中是重读的，因为它们是新的信息。在对话中表示对比信息也是一样的。
So, for instance: "I haven SEEN the new car but Ive HEARD about it", "do you prefer ROSES or LILLIES?" So, one way of thinking about word stress in sentences is to think about which word carries the most importance, the most important information in what it is that you e saying, and that gets the most stress;
例如，“我没【见过】这辆新车，但我【听说】过”，“你更喜欢【玫瑰】还是【百合】？”所以，在句子中思考单词重音的一种方式是思考哪个单词在你说的内容中最重要，属于最重要的信息，而这个词的重音最大;
um, the second way is to think about these tone units and to think about the tonic syllable which tends to be the last content word in each phrase that you e using within the whole sentence; the third way is to think about new information, what new information comes up in your exchange in conversation;
第二种方法是思考这些声调单位，思考主音音节，它往往是你在整个句子中使用的每个短语的最后一个实义词；第三种方法是思考新的信息，在谈话中，你的交流会产生什么新的信息；
and the last thing is to think about contrasting information and how that helps both of you to understand how the conversation moves forward and how you interact with one another. So, Mariano, I hope you found that useful and everyone else, I hope you found that useful.
最后要考虑的是对比信息，以及这如何帮助你们理解对话是如何进行的，以及你们如何相互交流。那么，马里亚诺，我希望你觉得有用，而其他人，我希望你们觉得有用。
Um, if you e watching this on youtube, and you e a subscriber, great. Um, you know, maybe go down, leave a thumbs up or thumbs down, make a comment.
如果你在油管上看到这个视频，而且你是个订阅用户，那么太好了。也许你可以继续看，留下个赞或留个踩，再评论一下。
Who knows, I might make a video in response to one of your replies, but if you e not a subscriber, subscribe now. Um, I post weekly videos here so, hit subscribe and I can speak to you next week.
谁知道呢，没准我会给其中一个留言的人做一期视频，但如果你还没有订阅，马上订阅吧。我每周都会在这里上传视频，所以，订阅吧，这样我就可以每周跟你们聊聊了。
Um, you may want to go over to my website englishpronunciationroadmap. com. There is a lot of free videos, a load of free downloads and theres some courses that you can download, an e-book that I wrote last year that has been helping many, many people that I work with and Ill speak to you soon.
嗯，也许你们也想去我的网页瞧瞧：。那里有很多免费视频，大量免费下载，还有一些课程你可以下载，我去年写的一本电子书帮助了很多很多我教过的人，我们很快见面咯。
