Afghan government and Nato killing more civilians than the Taliban
阿富汗政府和北约联军杀死的平民超过了塔利班
来源：《卫报》 翻译：世界播
Afghan forces and their international allies killed more civilians in the first half of than the Taliban and other militant groups, UN figures show, extending a trend that began in the first quarter of the year.
联合国数据显示，上半年，阿富汗军队及其国际盟友杀害的平民数量超过了塔利班和其他武装激进组织，延续了今年第一季度开始的趋势。
This year is the first time since civilian casualty records started over a decade ago that pro-government forces have caused more deaths than insurgents, raising serious questions about the western mission there.
自十多年前开始有平民伤亡记录以来，今年亲政府武装造成的死亡人数首次超过叛乱分子，这引发了有关西方在阿富汗使命问题的严重质疑。
The report found 403 civilians were killed by Afghan troops and 314 by their international allies in the first six months of , a total of 717. The Taliban, Islamic State and other militant groups killed 531 civilians.
报告发现，前六个月，共有403名平民被阿富汗军队杀害，314名平民被他们的国际盟友杀害，总数为717人。塔利班、伊斯兰国和其他激进组织则杀害了531名平民。
Afghanistan is facing a critical few weeks, as peace talks with the Taliban enter what many hope will be their final stages, ahead of a presidential election set for the end of September. There have been concerns that both sides have ramped up violence as the peace process got under way, to strengthen their position at the negotiating table.
阿富汗正面临关键的几周，因为与塔利班的和平谈判进入了许多人希望的最后阶段，9月底将举行总统选举。有人担心，随着和平进程的展开，双方为了加强自己在谈判桌上的地位而加剧了暴力。
“Gaining leverage in peace talks should not come at the cost of such carnage on either side,” said Patti Gossman, an associate Asia director at Human Rights Watch.
人权观察亚洲区副主任帕蒂•戈斯曼表示：“在和平谈判中获得影响力，不应以任何一方的这种屠杀为代价。”
A deal might not end violence in Afghanistan entirely, however; the UN found that more than 10% of civilian casualties are caused by the regional Isis affiliate, which is not party to the talks.
然而，仅靠一项协议不可能彻底结束阿富汗的暴力；联合国发现，超过10%的平民伤亡是由该地区的ISIS分支造成的，而该分支并不是谈判的参与方。
Overall casualties were down by nearly a quarter from record levels a year earlier, but civilians were still being killed and maimed at a “shocking and unacceptable” rate, the UN said in its regular report on the protection of civilians.
联合国在其关于保护平民的定期报告中指出，总体伤亡人数较一年前的创纪录水平下降了近四分之一，但平民仍在以“令人震惊和不可接受的”速度被杀害和致残。
Airstrikes were particularly deadly, and one of the few types of casualty to increase significantly compared with the same period of . Two-fifths of the deaths and injuries from airstrikes were attributed to international forces, the UN said – in effect US airstrikes.
空袭造成的伤亡尤其惨重，这是与同期相比伤亡人数显着增加的为数不多的类型之一。联合国表示，空袭造成的伤亡中，有五分之二要归咎于国际部队，这实际上都是美国的空袭造成的。
Although the US officially ended its combat mission in Afghanistan in , it still has special forces on the ground and provides air support to Afghan troops.
尽管美国在正式结束了在阿富汗的作战任务，但它仍然在地面部署了特种部队，并向阿富汗军队提供空中支援。
The government has repeatedly said the high toll from air attacks is a result of militants hiding among civilians, but international humanitarian law bars the use of disproportionate force.
政府一再表示，空袭造成的高伤亡是武装分子藏身平民的结果，但是国际人道主义法禁止使用不成比例的武力。
“The claim that the Taliban use civilians as shields is not an excuse for disproportionate attacks,” Gossman said. “In fact, neither the US nor the Afghan government adequately investigates airstrike deaths, or holds its forces accountable for civilian deaths.”
戈斯曼表示：“塔利班利用平民作为挡箭牌的说法不能成为发动大规模袭击的借口。事实上，无论是美国还是阿富汗政府，都没有对空袭造成的死亡进行充分调查，也没有追究造成平民死亡的部队的责任。”
The Taliban have rejected calls for a ceasefire while peace talks are under way, and have been carrying out near daily operations, mainly targeting security forces.
塔利班拒绝了和谈期间停火的呼吁，并一直在进行几乎每天的行动，主要是针对安全部队。
But militants have also attacked civilians in violation of international law. More than 300 people were killed in violence targeting civilians, including tribal elders, aid workers, religious scholars, mullahs and government officials.
但武装分子也袭击了平民，这违反了国际法。300多人在针对平民的暴力事件中丧生，其中包括部落长老、救援人员、宗教学者、毛拉和政府官员。
“Parties to the conflict may give differing explanations for recent trends, each designed to justify their own military tactics,” said Richard Bennett, the human rights chief of the UN assistance mission in Afghanistan, which released the report.
发布该报告的联合国阿富汗援助团人权事务负责人理查德•贝内特表示：“冲突各方可能会对最近的趋势给出不同的解释，每一种解释都旨在为自己的军事策略辩护。”
There has been no claim of responsibility for an attack on Sunday night that apparently targeted the office of the Afghan president’s running mate and former chief of the intelligence service.
目前还没有人声称对上周日晚间的袭击负责，那次袭击目标显然是阿富汗总统的竞选伙伴兼前情报局局长的办公楼。
The vice-presidential candidate, Amrullah Saleh, was safely evacuated from the scene of the attack, which left at least 20 people dead and about 50 wounded. Saleh is known for his fierce anti-Taliban stance.
副总统候选人阿姆鲁拉•萨利赫已从袭击现场安全撤离。那次袭击造成至少20人死亡，约50人受伤。萨利赫以其强烈的反塔利班立场而闻名。
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