一般符号对应的英文单词
． period 句号 英[?p??ri?d] 美[?p?ri?d]
n.时期; 时间（一段）; 学时; 句号;
adj.具有某个时代特征的; 过去某一特定历史时期的（关于）; 某一时代的（家具、服饰、建筑等）;
[例句]North korea is entering a pivotalperiod.
朝鲜正进入一个关键时期。
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， comma 逗号
： colon 冒号
； semicolon 分号
！ exclamation 惊叹号
？ question mark 问号
─ hyphen 连字符
apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号
— dash 破折号
single quotation marks 单引号
“”double quotation marks 双引号
( ) parentheses 圆括号
[ ] square brackets 方括号
《 》French quotes 法文引号；书名号
... ellipsis 省略号
¨ tandem colon 双点号
" ditto 同上
‖ parallel 平行
/ virgule 斜线号
＆ ampersand = and
～ swung dash 代字号
§ section; division 分节号
→ arrow 箭号；参见号
＋ plus 加号；正号
－ minus 减号；负号
± plus or minus 正负号
× is multiplied by or cross 叉乘
÷ is divided by 除号
＝ is equal to 等于号
≠ is not equal to 不等于号
≡ is equivalent to 全等于号
≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号
≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号
＜ is less than 小于号
＞ is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用） 大于号
≮ is not less than 不小于号
≯ is not more than 不大于号
≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号
≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
％ per cent 百分之…
‰ per mill 千分之…
∞ infinity 无限大号
∝ varies as 与…成比例
√ (square) root 平方根
∵ since; because 因为
∴ hence 所以
∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例
∠ angle 角
semicircle 半圆
circle 圆
○ circumference 圆周
π pi 圆周率
△ triangle 三角形
perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。
∪ union of 并，合集
∩ intersection of 交，通集
∫ the integral of …的积分
∑ (sigma) summation of 总和
° degree 度
′ minute 分
″ second 秒
＃ pound …号
∏ pi
. dot (点乘就是centered dot)
f? f prime f撇
A上面一个横杠：A bar
A上面一个星星*： A asterisk
A上面一个波浪线～：A tilde
A的厄米共轭（注意不是加号，那个竖比横长）：A dagger（dagger：短剑，匕首）偏微分符号（不好意思，打不出来） 有人把它读partial 或者d
但这样读都不正规，最正规读法为round
因为这个符号是法国人发明的，一开始就叫round
倒三角符号（不好意思，打不出来2） 读作nabla或者del
读nabla的居多，后者在某些英文书里会见到。
nabla符号本身具有不同的功能，当它按不同的乘法规则作用于函数时会分别得到 梯度：grandient 符号为grad
散度：divergence 符号为div
此时可直接读作grandient（divergence） of ...
二、一些函数关系的读法
A与B的乘积 the ___ product of A and B
（___中填乘积的性质，例如外积就填outer，内积就填inner)
A乘以B A times B or A is multiplied by B
A/B A over B B分之A的最普通读法
f(x) f of x 函数f(x)
exp(n) e to powers of n e的n次幂
三、 Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法
1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数
(1)100以内的数词
基数 序数
Roman Arabic
Numerals Numerals
罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法
I 1 one 1st the first
II 2 two 2nd the second
III 3 three 3rd the third
IV 4 four 4th the fourth
V 5 five 5th the fifth
VI 6 six 6th the sixth
VII 7 seven 7th the seventh
VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth
IX 9 nine 9th the ninth
X 10 ten 10th the tenth
XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh
XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth
XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth
XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth
XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth
XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth
XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth
XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth
XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth
XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth
XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first
XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth
XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth
XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth
L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth
LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth
LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth
LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth
XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth
IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth
C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth
CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred
and two and second
246 two hundred and forty-six
751 seven hundred and fifty-one
(2)1000以上的数词
1,000 = one thousand 一千
10,000 = ten thousand 一万
3/14
100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万
1,000,000 = one million 一百万
10,000,000 = ten million 一千万
100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿
(3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法：
英国 美国
十亿 one thousand million = one billion
百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion
千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion
万亿 one billion = one trillion
2.Fractions 分数
通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。
1/2 = a (or one) half
1/3 = a (or one) third
1/4 = a quarter or one fouth
1/5 = a (or one) fifth
2/3 = two thirds
9/10 = nine tenths
53/4 = five and three quarters
15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four
15% = fifteen per cent
4‰ = four per mill
3.Decimals 小数
0.4 = zero (or nought) point four
.01 = point (or decimal) nought one
12.34 = twelve point three four
567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine
30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring
0.3% = decimal three percent
4.Mathematic Forms 数学式
(1) Addition 加法
1+2=3 One and two are three.
2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.
4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.
45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267
the sum (or total) is 267.
演算时的读法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three
sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80
and 143 added together, and(or make) 260.
(2)Subtraction 减法
9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five.
15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.
4/14
23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479.
Nine from five won`t go.
演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two from three (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100.
(3)Multiplication 乘法
1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.
1×1=1 Once one is one.
2×1=2 Twice one is two.
3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen
6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.
演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three; I put down thirty-three.
Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four.
I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five.
(4)Division 除法
9÷3=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three.
20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.
4567÷23=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.
The quoctient is 198, and 13 remainder.
演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won`t go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred
and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.
The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder.
5.Time 时间
1)Hours 钟点
2h.5?8" = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒
6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分
8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.[?ei ?em] 上午8时30分
the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.[?pi:?em] train 下午6时零5分列车
又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：
0900 = 0 nine hundred (上午)9时
0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9时10分
1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时)
1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分)
2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时)
at 5 o?c =at five o?clock 五点钟
(2)Date 日期
Oct.1 =October first 10月1日
Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日
Ist Oct. 1949 = the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日
3/5 = [英]May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March fifth 3月5日
[附注]联系日期前置词用on.
(3)Year 年份
684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. [?bi:?si:] 公元前684年
1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty
19- nineteen something
1950?s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代
[附注]联系年份的前置词用in.
6.Numbers 号码
(1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码
1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three
1227 = one double two (or two two) seven
0386 = O three eight six
0096 = double O(or O O )nine six
7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand
No.26= Number 26 第26号
Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间
10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号
2)Writings 书籍作品
Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一
Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章
Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第3页
See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页
Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕
Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行
Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节
Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号
4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开
(3)Other 其他
World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战
World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战
Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世
Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世
Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生
Mr.B - = Mr. B
-Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生
6/14
the town ōf = the town of Blank 某某城
The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。
7.Money 货币
(1)British currency 英币
6d. = six pence 六便士
1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士
11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半
1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元
33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元
1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士
￡1.18 = (or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令
￡1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence
4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny
(2)U.S. currency
1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents) 美金一元二角
4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分
(3)Soviet currency 前苏联币
6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比
(4) German currency 德币
1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼
(5)French currency 法国币
1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁
0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁
(6) Chinese People?s Currency 人民币
1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角
JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分
附注：yuan单复数没有变化：?也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。
8. Weight and Measures 度量衡
(1)length,area, and volume 长度、面积和容积
3 in = three inches 三英寸
15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸
[附注] 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作foot;如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett. 18?6 5/1"= eighteen foot six and a fifth (inches)
10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽
5"×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半
[附注] 以上二例中，乘号×表示面积或容积。
(2)Weight 重量
12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱
10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰
(3)Capacity 容量
3 gi. = three gills 三及耳
1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱
[附注] qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s.
20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱
7/14
5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克 符号的英语读法（转）
．period 句号
，comma 逗号
：colon 冒号
；semicolon 分号
！exclamation 惊叹号
？question mark 问号
￣hyphen 连字符
\"apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号
dash 破折号
single quotation marks 单引号
“ ”double quotation marks 双引号
( )parentheses 圆括号
[ ]square brackets 方括号
《 》French quotes 法文引号；书名号
...ellipsis 省略号
¨tandem colon 双点号
"ditto 同上
‖parallel 双线号
/virgule 斜线号
＆ampersand = and
～swung dash 代字号
§section; division 分节号
→arrow 箭号；参见号
＋plus 加号；正号
－minus 减号；负号
±plus or minus 正负号
×is multiplied by 乘号
÷is divided by 除号
＝is equal to 等于号
≠is not equal to 不等于号
≡is equivalent to 恒等于号
≌is identical to 全等于号
≈is approximately equal to 约等于号
＜is less than 小于号
＞is more than 大于号
≮is not less than 不小于号
≯is not more than 不大于号
≤is less than or equal to 小于或等于号
≥is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
％per cent 百分之…
‰per mill 千分之…
∞infinity 无限大号
∝varies as 与…成比例
√(square) root 平方根
∵since; because 因为
∴hence 所以
∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例
∠angle 角
semicircle 半圆
circle 圆
○circumference 圆周
πpi 圆周率
△triangle 三角形
perpendicular to 垂直于
∪ union of 并，合集
∩ intersection of 交，通集
∫ the integral of …的积分
∑ (sigma) summation of 总和
° degree 度
′ minute 分
〃 second 秒
＃ number …号
℃ Celsius system 摄氏度
＠ at 单价]
1.Logic
there exist
for all
p?q p implies q / if p, then q
p?q
p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
2.Sets
x∈A
x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A x?A
x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A?B
A is contained in B / A is a subset of B
A?B
A contains B / B is a subset of A
A∩B
A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B
A∪B
A cup B / A join B / A union B
A\B
A minus B / the difference between A and B
A×B
9/14
A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
3. Real numbers
x+1
x plus one
x-1
x minus one
x±1
x plus or minus one
xy
xy / x multiplied by y
(x - y)(x + y)
x minus y, x plus y
x y
x over y
=
the equals sign
x = 5
x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
x≠5
x (is) not equal to 5
x≡y
x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
x ≡ y
x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x > y
x is greater than y
x≥y
x is greater than or equal to y
x < y
x is less than y
x≤y
x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1
zero is less than x is less than 1
0≤x≤1
zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x |
mod x / modulus x
x 2
x squared / x (raised) to the power 2
x 3
x cubed
x 4
x to the fourth / x to the power four
x n
x to the nth / x to the power n
x ?n
x to the (power) minus n
x
(square) root x / the square root of x
x 3
cube root (of) x
x 4
fourth root (of) x
x n
nth root (of) x
( x+y ) 2
x plus y all squared
( x y ) 2
x over y all squared
n!
n factorial
x ^
x hat
x ˉ
x bar
x ?
x tilde
x i
xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i
∑ i=1 n a i
the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i
4. Linear algebra
‖ x ‖
the norm (or modulus) of x
OA →
OA / vector OA
OA ˉ
OA / the length of the segment OA
A T
A transpose / the transpose of A
A ?1
A inverse / the inverse of A
5. Functions
f( x )
fx / f of x / the function f of x
f:S→T
a function f from S to T
11/14
x→y
x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y
f"( x )
f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x
f""( x )
f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f"""( x )
triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f (4) ( x )
f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
f ? x 1
the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
2 f ? x 1 2
the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
∫ 0 ∞
the integral from zero to infinity
lim? x→0
the limit as x approaches zero
lim? x→ 0 +
the limit as x approaches zero from above
lim? x→ 0 ?
the limit as x approaches zero from below
log e y
log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
ln?y
log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
1.Logic
p?q
p?q
2.Sets
x∈A
x?A
A?B
A?B
A∩B
A∪B
A\B
A×B there exist for all p implies q / if p, then q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A is contained in B / A is a subset of B A contains B / B is a subset of A A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A cup B / A join B / A union B A minus B / the diference between A and B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
3. Real numbers
12/14
x+1 x-1 x±1 xy (x - y)(x + y) x y = x = 5 x≠5 x≡y x ≡ y x > y x≥y x < y x≤y 0 < x < 1 0≤x≤1 | x | x 2 x 3 x 4 x n x ?n x x 3 x 4 x n ( x+y ) 2 ( x y ) 2 n! x ^ x ˉ x ? x i
∑ i=1 n a i x plus one x minus one x plus or minus one xy / x multiplied by y x minus y, x plus y x over y the equals sign x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x (is) not equal to 5 x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x is greater than y x is greater than or equal to y x is less than y x is less than or equal to y zero is less than x is less than 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 mod x / modulus x x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x cubed x to the fourth / x to the power four x to the nth / x to the power n x to the (power) minus n (square) root x / the square root of x cube root (of) x fourth root (of) x nth root (of) x x plus y all squared x over y all squared n factorial x hat x bar x tilde xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i
13/14
4. Linear algebra ‖ x ‖ OA → OA ˉ
A T
A ?1
5. Functions f( x ) f:S→T x→y f"( x ) f""( x ) f"""( x ) f (4) ( x ) ?f ? x 1 ? 2 f ? x 1 2 ∫ 0 ∞ lim? x→0 lim? x→ 0 + lim? x→ 0 ? log e y Ln y
the norm (or modulus) of x OA / vector OA OA / the length of the segment OA A transpose / the transpose of A A inverse / the inverse of A fx / f of x / the function f of x a function f from S to T x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 the integral from zero to infinity the limit as x approaches zero the limit as x approaches zero from above the limit as x approaches zero from below log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
