若已知矩阵为A，则[V,D]=eig(A)，其中对角阵D的对角元素为A的特征值，而矩阵D的每一列向量为其所对应的特征向量.
A =
0.3132 0.3566 0.2545 0.2579 0.2063
-0.0897 0.2913 0.1888 0.4392 0.1470
0.0845 0.2433 -0.5888 -0.0407 0.1744
0.2478 -0.1875 0.2233 0.3126 -0.6711
0.1744 0.2315 -0.1004 -0.2111 0.0428
>> [V, D]=eig(A)
V =
-0.2096 -0.0767 -0.8200 -0.8200 -0.9177
-0.2454 -0.5024 -0.0312 - 0.3173i -0.0312 + 0.3173i -0.0691
0.9061 -0.1816 -0.1559 - 0.0347i -0.1559 + 0.0347i -0.1473
-0.0139 0.5779 0.1473 - 0.1175i 0.1473 + 0.1175i -0.0315
0.2733 0.6122 -0.4015 + 0.0602i -0.4015 - 0.0602i -0.3611
D =
-0.6210 0 0 0 0
0 -0.3385 0 0 0
0 0 0.4298 + 0.1705i 0 0
0 0 0 0.4298 - 0.1705i 0
0 0 0 0 0.4709
e=max(eig(A));%最大特征值
e =
-0.6210
>> v=null(A-e*eye(length(A)))
%e对应特征向量
v = 0.2096 0.2454 -0.9061 0.0139 -0.2733
