基于ARM的嵌入式森林防火预警系统的设计
信息112 郑少飞
指导老师：严楠
摘要：森林火灾突发性强、破坏性大、救助困难，其防治工作对国家建设有重要意义。为此，本文介绍一种基于嵌入式的森林防火预警系统。此系统要满足长期工作的需求，研究发现，ARM-Linux体系具有低功耗、开源稳定等特性[2]，该系统采用基于ARM9的芯片作为控制器，利用摄像头将现场图像传送到监控处，通过传感器采集森林的相关数据，并将数据传给主控制器，同时通过网络协议传送至监控处。系统进行数据融合分析，决定是否报警。本系统不仅能自动监控，又能向监控处传回信息，增大了监控力度。ARM-Linux体系结构化的开发模式稳定易维护，分析与测试表明，此系统数据分析精确、可靠性较高，能够及时报警，这种灵活的森林防火预警系统能实现全天远程监控，有望得到广泛的应用。
关键词：森林防火预警；低功耗；开源；ARM-Linux；数据融合；远程监控
Abstract：Forest fire has strong sudden, destructive and difficult rescue, and its prevention and cure is of great significance to the national construction. To this end, this paper describes an embedded forest fire warning system. This system should meet the need of long-term work. Research findings, Linux-ARM embedded system has the characteristics of low power consumption, open source and stability, etc. The system is based on ARM9 chip as controller. Use the camera to send the field image to the monitoring department. And through sensors, acquire forest related data, pass the data to the master controller, and at the same time to the monitoring side through the network protocol. The system makes data fusion analysis, decide whether to alarm. This system can not only monitor automatically, but also can return the information to the monitoring department so increase the intensity of monitoring. ARM-Linux system structure development mode is stable and easy to maintain. Analysis and test show that the data analysis of this system is accurate and the reliability is high, and can be timely warning. This flexible forest fire warning system can realize the whole day remote monitoring and controlling. And it's possible to get a wide range of applications.
Keywords：Forest fire warning; low power consumption; open source; ARM-Linux; data fusion; remote monitoring
1 引言
随着造林事业的不断发展，林地面积、林业蓄积量逐年增加，防火工作是首要任务。森林火灾作为森林三大自然灾害之首，能在短时间内烧毁大片森林，造成巨大损失，如何对森林火险进行实时、准确的监测预警，进而为林火的预防和灭火指挥提供决策支持，已成为亟待解决的问题。
近几十年，我国森林防火行业也取得了长足的发展，但由于研究经费严重不足，研究深度不够等原因，我国森林防火行业的科研整体水平与世界水平还有很大的差距，森林防火的应用基础研究不够深
