本文内容来自于周志华老师在的报告《做研究与写论文》
首先讲到研究与研发的区别，其主要区别在于“新”：
研究：发现新知识、发明新技术研发：根据已有知识和技术进行研制、开发
科学研究可以扩展人类的知识，没有科学研究就没有技术进步
如何做研究？
研究的基本过成可以分为TPIC，即Topic -> Problem -> Idea -> Concrete work (theoretical analysis, experiments).
1、Topic
计算机科学发展到今天，已经是一个非常广袤的学，先要进入一个具体的分支学科和领域，并获 得必要的了解（如NLP，CV等）。即使在一个分支学科和领域中，也有太多的话题（如NLP中的文本分类，文本摘要，预训练模型等）。
热点分布与可能对应的研究现状如下图所示：
这只是目前CS中的一般情况，国内往往滞后一段时间科学发展往往是螺旋式上升的:“冷”了很久的一个topic，可能由于新的经典工作而重新“热”起来
2、Problem
“问题”是科学研究的心脏 !
任何有价值的研究，都是为了解决某个问题提出一个好的问题，已经成功了一半
“问题”其实才是研究的真正开始
这可能是CS研究中最困难的部分会找问题，是具有独立研究能力的标志
3、Idea
你也许会有很多idea，导师可以帮助你判断、改善 有了好的idea，问题就解决了一大半；
如果一下想不到好的idea，不要着急；
博士期间能做出一项重要的工作就已经很好了。
4、Concrete work
Idea需要得到支持 CS里面通常是理论分析和实验验证。
理论分析往往需要比较好的数学功底，实验验证通常需要较好的实验设计能力。
没有相应的能力怎么办？
学找人合作
两者都不容易，到博士念完，至少在某方面应该是得心应手了。
理论分析
周全、不要有漏洞尽可能简单的工具
实验验证
实验方案周全仔细基准测试其他学者也能使用的数据不可缺少的比较实验是可重复的
必要的分析和解释
Strength/weaknessHow/When strong?Why strong?How/When weak?Why weak?
小结一下
Topic -> Problem -> Idea -> Concrete work
对一项具体的CS研究工作来说:
找到好的问题是关键有了好的idea，问题就解决了一大半具体、坚实的工作是必经的过程
如何写论文？
你需要说的其实就是这些 :
Problem X is importantPrevious works A, B, and C have been doneA, B, and C have their weaknessYour work DTheoretic analysisExperimental comparison against A, B, and CWhy D is betterStrength and weakness of DFuture work on D
Outline
科学论文有比较清晰的结构，一般包括 :
TitleAbstractIntroductionPrevious workYour contributionSupport (theoretical or experimental) – DiscussionConclusionReference
Title
清楚地表达出主要工作
字数忌长(尽可能不要超过20字)有吸引力
An example:
“甲地区乙时期丙昆虫交配过程的跟踪研究及其结果”“昆虫交配后吃掉配偶的原因探讨”“昆虫求偶过程中的献身行为”“Eat me!” The title of an <Science> paper
Abstract
Purpose: Summarize your contributions
Style:
What is the problemWhat is your workFeatures of your workAdvantages of your workResults
Introduction
Purpose: Background and organization of the paper
Style:
Problem X is importantA, B, and C have been doneA, B, and C have their weaknessOur work DFeatures and advantages of DResultsOrganization of the paper
Previous work
Purpose: Why your work, the differences
Style:
Categorization of previous worksOne or two sentences for a work StrengthWeakness
Don’t over-criticize previous works
Your contribution
Purpose: Introduce your work
Style:
MotivationDefinition, notationAlgorithm Pseudo-codeDiagramExplanations
If you were the reader, what questions will you ask?
Theoretical analysis
Purpose: Theoretical support to your work
Style:
Definition, notation (can be omitted if exist)LemmaTheoremProof
Put tedious details in Appendix
Experiments
Purpose: Experimental support to your work
Style:
Experimental design
Be sure that other researchers can repeat your experiments according to your descriptions
Comparison
Discussion
What is revealed by the experiments?
Put tedious details in Appendix
Discussion
Purpose: The relationship between your work and some very related works
Style:
Work A Why it is very relatedDifference to your work Work B Why it is very relatedDifference to your work
Conclusion
Purpose: Summary and future work
Style:
SummaryFuture work
Acknowledgement Reference Appendix
Misconceptions
Misconceptions 1:
The more, the better
Don’t provide too many “new” ideas in a paper. Try your best to focus on your core work
Misconceptions 2:
The more complex, the better
Try to make your paper easy to be understood.
Remember: You are showing your thoughts instead of confusing the readers
Mathematical language is to help you clearly express your thoughts, not to show your depth
Misconceptions 3:
The more selling, the better
Don’t exaggerate too much on your work. The reviewers/readers will judge it.
Misconceptions 4:
The more authoritative, the better
Don’t refer too many own work while ignoring others
Don’t behave as a bigshot if you were not
Tricks
Read more, write more
Use good papers as samples to simulate but not to copy
Use simple sentences
Not to show your elegance unless you are very famous
Try to avoid syntax errors
Good work won’t be rejected for syntax, but at least the paper should be readable
Make your abbreviations easy to be pronounced
e.g. STARE is better than SBRE “STAtistics-based Rule Extraction”
Typeset according to the requirements of the target
Revise, revise, and revise
each time lay your paper aside for some time ask other persons to read your paper
Improve from comments
总结
论文是为研究工作服务的
为了论文而论文，若非生计所迫， 就是浪费生命在“高档”期刊会议上发表10篇被引用0次的 论文，远不如在“低档”期刊会议发表1篇被 引用10次的论文
古今做学问者必经的三个境界:
昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼， 望尽天涯路衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处
学问苦乐，日久自悟
